The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping 1st edition. Sublevel stoping requires a midrange ore grade in order to pay for its development. Igag cnr, torino italy 2 nitrex srl, sirmione bs, italy 3 politecnico di torino ditag, italy 4 unicalce, sedrina bg, italy.
Mine ventilation systems practical mine ventilation engineering to be published by intertec puslishing co. Model the strategies by stopping periodically and thinking aloud about the problem. A new empirical design approach has been developed for estimating unplanned dilution from open stope hangingwalls and footwalls. For sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about html5. We prove that the class of these functions coincides with the class of gerstewitz functionals. Jul 04, 2017 for sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining. The sublevel stoping method was used with paste backfill, which had been experiencing overexcavation issues at the hangingwall and the front wall of the stopes. One of the most important aspects of underground hard rock mining is ventilation. The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. Minimizing dilution in open stope mining with a focus on.
The resulting design charts are based on quantifiable measurements of. It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole bench and train mining. Bighole stoping method bighole stoping is an upscaled variant of sublevel open stoping, using longer, largerdiameter dth blastholes, ranging from 140 mm to 165 mm. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. This paper discusses the stope parameters of the sublevel subsequent filling stage in daye iron shizishan section. The orebody can be narrow vein such as a gold mine in the witwatersrand, the orebody can be massive similar to the olympic dam mine, south australia, or cadiaridgeway mine, new south wales. Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa.
Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. Harraz presentation sublevel stoping 3 conditions for application of the deposit. Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for.
Mining methods such as block caving, sublevel stoping and roomandpillar have mining methods which are more predictable, where dilution can be modeled using empirically generated equations. Java how can i write my arraylist to a file, and read load. Rf is the radius of the fragmentation region of each blasthole. The specific method of stoping depends on a number of considerations, both technical and economical, based largely on the geology of the ore body being mined. In this method, the face is formed perpendicular to the seam strike and implemented in the form of slices 7. Pdf, you can split or merge pdf files easily and conveniently. Sublevel stoping, sublevel caving, topslicing, and blockcaving require more stope preparation before ore extraction can begin. Friends, i am have implemented a jsp form which takes inputs like title, description and content of the pdf file. The rock contained inside each stope is blasted by charging the holes that are produced through drill. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and.
What is the difference between sublevel stopping and sublevel. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping name author. If we add the number of electrons that each sublevel holds it looks like this. Sublevel open stoping is a common method of underground mining in canada. Parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel. The mine is currently operating at 1150ml using sublevel mining method for copper ore bodies extraction. I have two methods for this see below, and have been trying to get it working but havent had anyluck, any help or advice would be appreciated.
The mining method selected is determined by the size, shape, orientation and type of orebody to be mined. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping crc press book. The integrated optimization of underground stope layout. Figure 4 sequence of mining activities within a multiplelift sublevel open stope at the kanowna belle mine 6 planning and design mine planning is an engineering process that encompasses all of the major technical functions undertaken in sublevel open stoping, with the. This method owes the first part of its name to the fact that work is carried out on many intermediate levels that is, sublevels between the main levels.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 22nd edition table of contents part introduction 1010 introduction a. Construction of functions with uniform sublevel sets. Therefore, maintaining the stability of underground stopes is important in order to reduce the risk of fatalities and. This is a highly specialized me thod of stoping requiring expert input. At a later stage pumpable emulsion explosives and electronic detonaters will be used to make. May 19, 2014 the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. In this method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. The field data from sublevel caving method, applied in the ore bodies tilva ros and p 2a of jama bor, were very helpful. Exploring abandoned mines and unusual places 1,666,511 views. When the parameter of the room and pillar is 18m, the underground. There are multiple considerations in terms of dilution. Economic value of the ore and grade distribution within the deposit.
Detonating cord was used in conjunction with a train of cartridge emulsion explosives magnum 365 mm x 560 mm. I have written the code to save file using a jfilechooser save as function is working properly. When the jsp form is submitted, the pdf is created using itext with the help of the servlet called pdfgenservlet. The ore body is primarily divided into a series of sublevels by drifts which are connected through ore passes.
In this paper, we study extended realvalued functions with uniform sublevel sets. It is all right and even preferred to demonstrate the thinking process as not perfect. Pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods researchgate. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. In this way, we obtain a formula for the construction of such functions. These include the incline of the deposit whether it is flat, tilted or vertical, the width of the deposit, the grade of the ore, the hardness and strength of the surrounding rock, and.
The sublevel sets are defined by a linear shift of a set in a specified direction. Strength of the hanging wall, footwall, and ore body. Sublevel stopingunderground mining methods slideshare. Current longwall mining method applied in the mine the current method used in the abovementioned mines is a sublevel longwall cavingretreat method. But avoid asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
Rock blasting in underground mining chapter 19 375 figure 19. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Foreword the case of a large underground quarry exploiting a limestone deposit for the production of quicklime is discussed also in another paper presented at this congress, to which it can be made reference as regards exploitation method and general features. The level set method was devised by osher and sethian in 64 as a simple and versatile method for computing and analyzing the motion of an interface. Pdf design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction of. Although it contributes noth ing directly to the production phase of an operation, the lack of proper ventilation often will cause. In sublevel stoping a form of open stoping, ore chutes, manway, and starting raises must be put up and one or more drifts driven on each sublevel fig. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and.
Figure 3 sublevel open stoping method atlas copco, 2007 3. Shrinkage mining was a common stoping method prior to mechanised mining and the introduction of hydraulic fill. Ore is recovered from each sublevel in a planned sequence of primary and secondary stopes with delayed backfill in a manner to create a stress shadow to avoid high stress. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. Dilutionconcentration options 1020 quality assurance a. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction.
Sublevel stoping is a mining method in which ore is blasted from different levels of elevation but is removed from one level at the bottom of the mine. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. This thesis presents the results of three years of research which focused on minimizing dilution in open stope mining. The explosives were transported by means of a normet utility vehicle to the mining site from surface. As nouns the difference between subshell and sublevel is that subshell is chemistryphysics atomic orbitals for which the values of the n and l quantum numbers are the same, such as the three 2p or five 3d atomic orbitals while sublevel is an intermediate level between others in a. Rock blasting in underground mining pdf free download. Shortwall stoping versus sublevel longwall cavingretreat. Its important to rehearse when youll use the strategies and what youll say. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock. Inequality constrained minimization minimize f 0x subject to fix. This mining method can be used at a wide range of depths. Ventilation is the primary method of clearing hazardous gases andor dust which are created from drilling and blasting activity e.
The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659 stopes in the 3000 orebody of xstrata copper operations mount isa mine, located in. Study on sublevel open stoping with subsequent backfilling. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel caving. Sublevel stoping sls is an underground mining method in which large blocks of ore are excavated in an unsupported ground condition. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. The diagram below really shows the overlap of the principal energy levels. Sch is the distance from the end of the explosive charge in one hole to another that is nearest. Multiple lift stopes extend vertically over a number of. In this article, we will introduce you a new method to merge pdf files. When the parameter of the room and pillar is 18m, the underground mining is safe and steady.
Feb 10, 2018 black diamond drilling services australia database. The width or size of the orebody is determined by the grade as well as the. Sublevel caving technique free download as pdf file. The cerro lindo mine is the largest underground mine in peru, currently mining more than 20,000 tonnes day. The research encompassed both stope design and narrow vein longhole blasting. Bigholeopen stopinguses longer blast holes with larger diameter of 140165 mm.
The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work. We also mention our publicly available matlab code hanso, addressing the issues of stopping criteria and how to assess the quality of the result. The method is still used in a handful of nonmechanised mines in south america, africa, asia and canada. Design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction of. Optimising sublevel stoping dimensions in orebodies. Sublevel sets of concave function mathematics stack exchange.
Design of stopes with a special reference to sublevel open stopping r k sinha, iitism dhanbad the design and selection of a mining method requires a systematic approach, with the dip, size, and shape of an orebody. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Black diamond drilling services australia database. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. The second half of the name derives from the caving of the hanging wall and. Ventilation is the control of air movement, its amount, and direction. An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. Mining method design, presented in this paper, is the result of long year investigation in the area of sublevel caving and sublevel stopping mining methods.
Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian. Blast patterns are similar to sublevel open stoping, but with holes up to 100 m long. Generally a large scale open stoping method, it is often referred to as long hole or blast hole stoping. Sublevel stoping is one of the most useful underground mining methods in steeply dipping hardrock ore bodies. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs. However, i now want to save that arraylist clubs to a file, and then i want to be able to load the file up later and the same arraylist is there again.
Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian mining. Mine dilution occurs due to the mining method selected and from overbreak during the mining process. Sublevel stoping, cut and fill mining and sublevel caving have generally replaced shrinkage mining in australia, europe and canada. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in most cases artificial support is also provided the earliest forms of stoping were conducted with hand tools or by firesetting. Preparation will help you focus on the specific strategies and present them clearly. But i have problem in writing the code for simple save button. There are various critical factors that influence a safe and economic design and dimensioning of a sublevel stoping method for underground extraction of metalliferous deposit. According to the similar material simulation technology, which is the main means, displacement monitoring and internal stress monitoring, several conclusions are summarized as bellow. Thanks for contributing an answer to mathematics stack exchange.