Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium. Invasive russian wheat aphid can hybridize native western. Aphididae fed on resistant and susceptible wheat plants. Although transposons have been identified in almost all organisms, genomewide information on mariner elements in aphididae remains unknown. Nearisogenic lines of triticum aestivum with distinct. Aphididae w as reported from wheat far ms in the eastern free state of south africa tolmay et al. Most aphids are dependent for their survival on prokaryotic endosymbionts assigned to the genus buchnera. Demographic parameters of diuraphis noxia hemiptera.
Plant resistance against insect herbivory has greatly focused on antibiosis, whereby the plant has a deleterious effect on the herbivore, and antixenosis, whereby the plant is able to direct the herbivore away from it. Aphididae, is one of the most economically important and widely distributed pests of wheat in the world. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, invaded the united states in 1986 and soon became a significant pest of wheat. Phytobiomes journal publishes transdisciplinary research on organisms and communities interacting with plants in any ecosystem.
Moharramipour s, movahedi s, saidi a, talebi aa, fathipour y, 2002. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov is a destructive global arthropod pest of wheat that causes major wheat yield losses. During the past 20 years, the use of aphidresistant cereal cultivars has proven to be an. International newsletter on plant pathology ispp newsletter 46 11 november 2016 news and announcements from all on any aspect of plant pathology are invited for the newsletter. Pdf comparison of development and demographic parameters.
Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in. Pest status and control of the russian wheat aphid,diuraphis noxia mordvilko homoptera. Variation between ethiopian and north american barley. Comparative gut transcriptome analysis reveals differences. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera.
The genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small grains. While many hexaploid wheat lines have been identified as rwaresistant, little is known about the mechanisms of resistance of these lines. Determining if parasitoids are present in the garden adult aphid parasitoids are small darkcolored wasps 0. Smith has served as chair of former esa section fa, section f governing board representative, and is an esa fellow. Russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, was first detected in canada in late july 1988 when a few were found on latematuring spring cereals in southern alberta near the international boundary between coutts and aden. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is originally from asia, particularly southern russia, central asia, and the middle east. Reproduction and population dynamics as biotypic markers. In this study, we explore the population genetics of the russian wheat aphid rwa diuraphis noxia, one of the worlds most invasive agricultural pests, in north. It will also feed on pollen and nectar from flowers when prey is scarce. Pdf the distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia. Among the functions of buchnera species is the synthesis of tryptophan, which is required by the aphid host. Aphididae, causes severe damage to barley, hordeum vulgare l.
In a new study, the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia has been shown to be able to hybridize with the native western wheat aphid into progeny that could be more adaptive and virulent to wheat and barley than either parent. Large repetitive sequences between trne and trnf in aphids, gene on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Although these two types of resistance may reduce injury and yield loss, they can produce selection pressures on insect herbivores that lead to pest resistance. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia mordvilko rwaresistant tworowed barley hordeum vulgare l.
Aphididae has been the most important pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, in the summer rainfall production areas of south africa since its first report as pest in 1978 walters 1984. He is currently a subject editor for journal of economic entomology, a founding editor of arthopod plant interactions. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov is widely established in wheatgrowing countries where it causes significant economic losses. Silencing of two insulin receptor genes disrupts nymph. Inheritance of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, based on leaf rolling in wheat. Read the mitochondrial genome of the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia.
Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. A computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data s. Mechanisms of aphid adaptation to host plant resistance. Diversity and evolution of mariner like elements in aphid. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia 23 january 2017. Aac wildfire hard red winter wheat canadian journal of. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko hemiptera. Aphididae biotype sam was able to selectively upregulate more transcripts when confronted with feeding on a variety of hosts, than was the case with the less virulent d. Beginning in the early 1900s it began to rapidly spread from its native origin of asia to other countries by means of wind aided dispersal. Russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is a major pest of wheat and barley, especially in warm climates, causing massive grain losses in severe infestation. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is one of the most invasive agricultural. Evaluation of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordwilko in several durum and bread wheat genotypes.
It is native to asia, originating in southern russia, central asia, and the middle east. Studies on the overwintering survival of tephritis dilacerata. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is a destructive pest of cereal crops that exhibits virulence to d. Ndp 28 v1 national diagnostic protocol for duiraphis noxia 2 subcommittee on plant health diagnostics 1 introduction russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia kurdjumov rwa is a major pest of wheat triticum aestivum l. It includes the fundamental to translational work of scientists in the areas of microbiology, virology, nutrient cycling, climate change, ecology, agronomy, entomology, computational biology, nematology, plant pathology, and more. Distribution and ecology of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis. The other russian wheat aphid biotypes, all characterized in the usa, biotype 3, biotype 4 and biotype 5, have. Little information is available on the control of this pest in ethiopia. Preliminary evidence of a resistancebreaking biotype of. Diuraphis noxia reproduces in high numbers forming colonies that benefits its survival. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia biosecurity portal. Progress in russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia mordw. Pdf the genome of diuraphis noxia, a global aphid pest of small.
Barley was included as an additional control for d. Aac wildfire was evaluated across western canada for four years in the western winter wheat cooperative registration trials, where it yielded significantly more grain than all of the checks radiant. Aim of this study was to develop an effective artificial diet for bluegreen aphid. Introduction in 2007, a new biotype of the r ussian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov homoptera. Table of contents applied and environmental microbiology. The effect of russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, infestation on the activities of antioxidative enzymes was investigated in the resistant cv. Russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia, kurdjumov feeding on susceptible triticum aestivum l. Alarm pheromone knocks off russian wheat aphids on line pdf. Diuraphis tritici gillette is native to the united states and was firmly established on wild grasses before the arrival of russian wheat aphid. The insect gut, the primary site of defense to ingested toxins, is also a likely site of differential gene expression in virulent insects. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, is one of the most invasive agricultural pests found across the globe.
Effects of sustained russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia. Diuraphis noxia mordvilko, and one native parasite diaeretiella rapae were reared in. The distribution of russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia. In buchnera species from the aphid diuraphis noxia, the genes for anthranilate synthase trpeg were found on a plasmid which consisted of seven tandem repeats of a 3. The expansive russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordw.
C y lai, p baumann, n moran journal article research support, u. Genomes of acyrthosiphon pisum, diuraphis noxia and myzus persicae belonging to the macrosiphini tribe, actually available in databases, have been investigated. A crucial function of antioxidative enzymes is to remove excess reactive oxygen species ros, which can be toxic to plant cells. Most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in diuraphis noxia hemiptera. Crop science abstract characterization of russian wheat. The development and use of russian wheat aphid rwaresistant wheat varieties has been constrained by the variation in resident rwa populations and the evolution of virulent biotypes. Contributions from the ispp executive, council and subject matter committees, associated societies and supporting organisations are requested. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia is an aphid that can cause significant losses in cereal crops.
Aac wildfire is a hard red winter wheat triticum aestivum l. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america. This aphid is endemic to central asia, southern russia, countries bordering the mediterranean sea, iran and afghanistan durr 1983. Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium signaling proteins. Novel bioassay to assess antibiotic effects of fungal. Proceedings of a meeting of the russian aphid task team held at the university of the orange free state, bloemfontein, 56 may 1982, technical communication no. An rnai supplemented diet as a reverse genetics tool to. This arthropod is difficult to manage with pesticides or biological control agents due to the aphids ability to seek shelter in rolled leaves and also to develop virulent biotypes. Molecular cytogenetic and agronomic characterization of.
One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in. The russian wheat aphid rwa, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, is a recently introduced insect pest that is a serious threat to wheat triticum aestivum l. It was developed using a modified pedigree breeding method. The species was introduced to the united states in 1986 and is considered an invasive species there. The russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, is one of the most important pests of small grains throughout the temperate regions of. Both species are known to coinfest the same grass hosts, during the time they enter the sexual phase in the. More virulent offspring result from hybridization of. Virulent diuraphis noxia aphids overexpress calcium signaling.
The mitochondrial genome of the russian wheat aphid. An experiment aimed at evaluating the resistance of barley varieties from the usa to d. The russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia the russian wheat aphid rwa is a major pest of wheat and barley, and at least 11 biotypes with virulence to wheat resistance genes have been identified 3, 48. Rwa 1758 was selected and released on the basis of competitive agronomic performance and resistance to damage caused by rwa feeding. Dishes were checked daily for emergence of adult parasitoids.
We have analysed the data of 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequences from 27 populations sampled over 2 years in china. Read comparative gut transcriptome analysis reveals differences between virulent and avirulent russian wheat aphids, diuraphis noxia, arthropodplant interactions on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Evaluation of resistance to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia mordvilko, in some advanced wheat lines. Proceedings of the entomological society of alberta 1993. It was found that the virulent diuraphis noxia kurdjumov hemiptera. As the model organism acyrthosiphon pisum is the closest relative to.